Electrolyte Supplement
Calibrated to your output. Nothing added. Nothing missing.
Most electrolyte products guess at dosing. Every ingredient here has a specific reason to be here, and a specific reason it is dosed the way it is. The formula does not include anything that is not working.
See the three tiersThree Tiers
A single formula cannot serve a 45-minute strength session and a three-hour marathon. The electrolyte demand is fundamentally different. Each tier is calibrated to a specific output level, not to a marketing narrative.
Elemental Sodium
400mg
Strength Training
Zone 2
Hot Days
Physical Work Shifts
Min. 600 mL water
Elemental Sodium
700mg
Intervals
Team Practice
Long Lifts
Hard Sessions
Min. 1,100 mL water
Elemental Sodium
1,000mg
Marathons
Endurance Cycling
Extreme Heat
Competition
Min. 1,500 mL water
The Formula — Tier I
Sodium is the anchor. Everything else exists in relation to it, calculated from sweat research, not chosen for a label. Here is what is in Tier I and why.
Sodium Chloride
400 mg elemental sodium
The anchor. Every other ingredient exists in relation to it. 400 mg is the Tier I target, validated against ACSM sweat research, and slightly above pure sweat replacement to improve fluid retention going into the session.
Dextrose Monohydrate
1:1 molar ratio with sodium
Not for energy. Not for glycogen. It activates SGLT1, the sodium-glucose co-transporter in the gut wall responsible for the most efficient sodium absorption pathway in the body. Without luminal glucose, this pathway operates at a fraction of its capacity. Every gram is doing work.
Potassium Citrate
232 mg elemental potassium
Two components added together: sweat replacement proportional to output, plus a flat correction for the chronic dietary deficit most people carry. Low potassium impairs the Na/K-ATPase pump that processes the sodium you absorb. Citrate form chosen over chloride for its alkalinizing effect and better tolerability.
Calcium Lactate
36.9 mg elemental calcium
Sweat replacement at 1.5× the literature sweat concentration. The buffer accounts for individual variability in sweat rate and dietary absorption. No deficiency argument, just replacing what you lose.
Magnesium Glycinate
28.2 mg elemental magnesium
Not sweat replacement — magnesium loss in sweat is trivial. This is a flat functional dose because magnesium is a hard biochemical requirement at the Na/K-ATPase catalytic site. Without adequate intracellular magnesium, the pump that moves sodium and potassium across cell membranes is directly impaired, regardless of how much sodium and potassium you take in. Glycinate form for approximately 80% bioavailability and minimal GI impact.
Citric Acid
pH buffer and palatability agent. Masks the metallic notes from the potassium and magnesium compounds. The only ingredient here primarily for taste, and it earns its place functionally.
Silicon Dioxide
Anti-caking agent. No electrolyte or absorption function.
The question everyone asks
The short answer
Yes, it will say "added sugars" on the label. That number is there because dextrose is what makes this formula actually work — not as an energy source, not for flavor, and not for calories. It is the key that unlocks the most efficient sodium absorption pathway in your gut. Without it, a significant portion of the sodium passes through unabsorbed.
Your small intestine has a protein called SGLT1, the sodium-glucose co-transporter. It moves sodium and glucose together across the intestinal wall. Without luminal glucose, this pathway operates at a fraction of its capacity. Sodium can still be absorbed through other mechanisms, but the efficiency drops substantially. This is the same mechanism oral rehydration solutions have used for decades to treat clinical dehydration.
The dextrose here is dosed at a 1:1 molar ratio with sodium, the evidence-based ORS target. It is also capped at the SGLT1 saturation point in solution, which is what sets the minimum water volume for each tier. Beyond that threshold, more glucose does not improve absorption. There is no excess. Every gram is activating the pathway.
The formula delivers 12.5 calories per serving. That is not a meaningful energy contribution. It is the cost of optimal hydration.
How this is different
LMNT has strong sodium dosing but no dextrose. The SGLT1 pathway is never activated. The sodium is absorbed, but not as efficiently as it could be.
Liquid IV uses the ORS glucose mechanism but doses sugar far beyond the SGLT1 saturation threshold. The excess glucose is absorbed as calories, not as a transport mechanism. It also adds B vitamins, vitamin C, and other ingredients not justified by the hydration function.
Nuun uses very small glucose doses that likely do not sustain SGLT1 activation throughout consumption. The electrolyte amounts are also lower than most active people need.
This is the only product in the consumer market designed explicitly around the SGLT1 saturation ceiling. Enough glucose to fully activate the pathway, not more than that, combined with sodium amounts validated against published sweat research. Three tiers because the demand is different at different intensities, not because the branding needed variety.
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